Zusammenfassung Der dargelegte Befund deutet darauf hin, daß es in Konstantinopel wie in Rom und anderen Provinzmetropolen zahlreiche Statuen hoher Beamter und Würdenträger gab. Allerdings fehlt ein entsprechender Befund für die Regierungszeit Konstantins d. Gr.; erst unter der Regierung Konstantius' II. lassen sich die ersten Beamtenstatuen feststellen. Das mag am Zufall der Überlieferung liegen, deckt sich aber immerhin damit, daß erst unter diesem Kaiser der Rahmen für eine breite magistratische Repräsentation gegeben war. Unter Konstantius II. wurde der Konstantinopler Senat zahlenmäßig (...) beträchtlich erweitert, zudem gleichberechtigt neben den römischen Senat gestellt, wurde das Amt des Stadtpräfekten eingeführt und, wie Paul Speck gezeigt hat, zugleich die Allpräsenz des Gründerkaisers Konstantin im Stadtbild relativiert, so daß überhaupt erst die Grundlagen für die öffentliche Repräsentation der Senatsaristokratie gegeben waren. Hatte Konstantin die nach ihm benannte Stadt zunächst als Residenzstadt errichtet, deren Bauten und Ausstattung ganz auf seine Person ausgerichtet waren, so schuf sein Sohn Konstantius die Voraussetzungen für die Entwicklung einer selbstbewußten Senatsaristokratie und einer entsprechenden Präsenz im Stadtbild. Die wenigen Indizien deuten darauf hin, daß sich die Statuen dieser Würdenträger, sofern es sich um senatorische Beamte handelte, beim Senat am Augusteion befanden. Stets dürfte es sich dabei um ‚einfache’ Statuen gehandelt haben, die allenfalls vergoldet waren, um bronzene Statuen oder um solche aus Marmor, die den Beamten in der Toga mit seinen Insignien zeigten. Seit dem fünften Jahrhundert läßt sich beobachten, daß eine kleine Gruppe einflußreicher Beamter und Heerführer entweder durch eine Vielzahl verschiedener Bildnisse an verschiedenen Orten oder aber durch die wesentlich aufwendigere Denkmalform eines Reiterstandbilds an prominenten Orten geehrt wird. Nie jedoch fand sich die Statue eines Nichtkaisers auf einem Ehrenbogen oder einer Säule, von denen es in Konstantinopel so viele gab. Diese blieben dem Kaiser und seiner Familie vorbehalten, der so im Denkmal den Abstand zu den aufwendigen Monumenten einflußreicher Personen wahren und auch erhöhen konnte. Doch beschränkte sich das kaiserliche Denkmal nicht nur auf einfache Ehrensäulen. Mehrfach sind Gruppen von Ehrensäulen überliefert, die städtebaulich an zentralen Stellen plaziert wurden. Zudem begegnet in der Spätantike zum erstenmal die Reiterstatue auf einem Säulenmonument, werden also zwei zunächst verschiedene Monumentformen miteinander verbunden (Abb. 7). Diese für die Spätantike typische Potenzierung der Wirkungsstrukturen und die Kombination bislang verschiedener Repräsentationsformen des imperialen Monuments ist wohl auch Folge des Konkurrenzdrucks durch allmächtige Militärs, die ihrerseits solche Selbstdarstellungsmodi aufgriffen. Die Kaiserdenkmäler bestimmen bis heute unser Bild von der Stadt Konstantinopel und lassen bisweilen vergessen, daß sie vor dem Hintergrund zahlreicher kleinerer Denkmäler hochrangiger Beamter errichtet wurden, unter denen einige so aufwendig waren, daß sie den Kaiser zum Aufgriff neuer, bislang noch nicht dagewesener Monumentformen zwangen. (shrink)

Popular sovereignty is one of the most widespread but poorly understood notions in modern politics. Exalted as the highest principle of democratic legitimacy, the idea of popular sovereignty has been given various but broadly similar formulations. . . .

Much of contemporary political philosophy revolves around debates over perfectionism, which is the view that the state may, or should, promote valuable conceptions of the good life and discourage conceptions that are worthless or bad. Collis Tahzib has recently proposed a unique theory of perfectionism. I examine two central aspects of his theory: the amalgamation of public reason and perfectionism, and the employment of the Rawlsian lexical priority. I argue that Tahzib’s idea of perfectionist public reason has certain serious problems. (...) Additionally, Tahzib, like many other perfectionists, has neglected that many excellences are at once personal and civic. I sketch a perfectionist account of civic virtue, with the hope of opening up space for defending and justifying perfectionism. (shrink)

A single mother is a person who is accountable for raising their children alone because they do not have a husband or live-in partner. Single mothers claim to have no co-parenting relationships at all, comparing single parents to those who are married, cohabiting, or without children, single parents experience the worst work-life balance. A single parent may feel overwhelmed by the demands of juggling child care, a career, paying bills, and maintaining household responsibilities. Single-parent households frequently deal with several extra (...) obligations and possible complications that other families would not. The study also emphasizes the difficulties and coping mechanisms faced by contractual single parents as well as their lived experiences. The study's findings, which were based on an Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, were as follows: (1) Work-life balance can be difficult for single parents. They struggle to keep their jobs while taking care of their family because they are the only ones in charge of the children. (2) Single contractual mothers face particular difficulties due to a lack of resources for basic expenses. (3) Contractual single women lean on their kids, the good people in their lives, and their faith in God to get through problems. (shrink)

F. Brentano. Franz Brentano ARISTOTELES LEHRE VOM URSPRUNG DES_ MENSOHLIOI-IEN GEISTES VON FRANZ BREN'I'ANO. Aristoteles Lehre vom Ursprung des menschlichen Geistes. Front Cover.

The short version of the Bielefeld Partnership Expectations Questionnaire assesses the partner-related attachment dimensions fear of rejection, readiness for self-disclosure, and conscious need for care. The presented study investigated the factor structure in two samples and evaluated the convergent validity of scales. The sample included N = 175 patients with panic disorder and/or agoraphobia and N = 143 healthy controls. Besides, the BPEQ, the Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire, and the Brief Symptom Inventory were assessed as well, and the Adult (...) Attachment Prototype Rating was conducted. A confirmatory factor analysis of the three factor model revealed an acceptable model fit for the entire sample, patients and controls in terms of low RMSEA and SRMR. We found metric, scalar, and strict measurement invariance for the presence of anxiety disorder. However, only for fear of rejection and readiness for self-disclosure the reliability was acceptable, and convergent validity in terms of large correlations with the ECR scales was found in both samples. The scale conscious need for care had a questionable reliability and correlated only slightly with ECR-R scales. We conclude that fear of rejection and readiness for self-disclosure of the BPEQ-12 are reliable and valid scales for measuring partner-related attachment in healthy and clinical samples. (shrink)

What role, if any, should Confucianism play in the politics of our time? In some of my previous works, I claimed that modern liberal states are not permitted to promote Confucian values on the basis of their intrinsic merits. Yet, drawing insights from Joseph Chan’s moderate state perfectionism and John Rawls’s wide view of public political culture, I proposed the “wide view of moderate perfectionism.” According to this view, in public political discussion, citizens should be allowed to deliberate whether and (...) how Confucianism, among other reasonable moral doctrines, can make positive contributions to their social and political thinking and public policymaking, provided that certain conditions are met. This view has been criticized by some scholars, in particular Zhuoyao Li. Li argues that the practice of the wide view of moderate perfectionism would inevitably harm civility. In this article, I clarify and develop the wide view and respond to Li’s criticisms. (shrink)

This paper is mainly a provisional survey of the engagement of the Filipinos with the thoughts of Paulo Freire, a Brazilian educator and philosopher. It presents first the main tenets of Freire’s liberating pedagogy. Then, it explores the Filipinos’ engagement with his ideas. Then, it gives some observations on the said engagement. Finally, it suggests a possible way on how philosophical researches in the Philippines can continually appreciate the relevance of Freire’s liberating pedagogy especially in relating it to a form (...) of Filipino philosophy that is involved in a critique of the society. -/- Keywords: Freire, liberating pedagogy, Philippine education, Filipino philosophy. (shrink)

The research sought to determine the prevalence of Burnout Syndrome in health teachers at a university in north-eastern Peru. The universe was made up of 69 teachers, and 41 responded to the self-administered instrument called Maslach Burnout Inventory. The results show that 14.6% present this syndrome. The highest indicator was personal fulfillment, while depersonalization and emotional exhaustion were low. According to gender, in both it was similar. According to age group, it had a greater effect in ages between 36 and (...) 51 years. Marital status was more prevalent in singles. We conclude that the prevalence of Burnout Syndrome was low. (shrink)

The objective of this article is to introduce a new concept for grouping all countermajoritarian instruments which became the true casualties of polity design during the New Latin American Constitutionalism (NLAC). This theoretical endeavor, which has not been undertaken until now, will be discussed on the basis of the constitutional upheavals that occurred between 1999 and 2009 in Venezuela, Ecuador, and Bolivia. By addressing a specific theme of this experience, namely its implications for the relationship between democracy and countermajoritarian devices, (...) this article shows why an aggregating concept such as state ataraxy is needed. This concept fills the gap that hinders understanding of what has been institutionally dismantled in the course of these reforms. The article then challenges the claim that with the collapse of countermajoritarian institutions, democracy necessarily collapses. It concludes with a new assessment of the novelty that the NLAC may have brought concerning the tension between democracy and countermajoritarian institutions. The findings contribute to understand one of the most enduring concerns of state theory in general, the tension between democracy and the rule of law. (shrink)

It is increasingly realized today that Western modernity has not only promoted progressive ideals such as scientific thought, human rights and democratic political systems. Its history is also marked by a much darker side, one of brutal conquest, biological and cultural destruction, enslavement and exploitation of non-European peoples in the context of European colonialism. This dark side of Western modernity was legitimized by pro-colonial ideologies of property, war, civilization, progress and race. Such ideologies emerged in areas like jurisprudence and philosophy (...) since the 16th century, often building on views from classical antiquity (Pagden 1995). They shaped academic paradigms such as ‘scientific racism’, colonial anthropology and Orientalism in the 19th and early 20th centuries, and in many ways continue to influence contemporary societies and their academic practices. (shrink)

Impact of modernism on humanism and the existence of religions in Indonesia; collection of articles.

In contemporary Anglo-American political philosophy, perfectionism is widely understood as the idea that the state may, or should, promote valuable conceptions of the good life and discourage conceptions that are worthless or bad. As such, debates over perfectionism occupy a central place in contemporary political philosophy because political philosophers are deeply concerned about whether or not a liberal state is permitted to promote any particular ethical or religious doctrine or impose it on its citizens. -/- In general, contemporary perfectionists do (...) not argue for the state’s pursuit of any religious doctrine. They only maintain that the state is permitted to make a wide range of public policies with the aim of promoting the good life. These policies, commonly found in liberal democratic societies, may include subsidizing museums and art galleries, preserving cultural heritage, setting up public libraries and providing free access to reading materials, encouraging athletic excellence, conserving nature and biodiversity, and educating citizens about the harm of recreational drugs. Nevertheless, perfectionism remains controversial among philosophers and political scientists. -/- It might be beneficial to take a sympathetic view of perfectionism and consider how perfectionists might defend their position against some of the common objections. These objections mainly include: (a) that the state does not possess legitimate authority to make decisions about the good life and seek to promote it; (b) that perfectionist policies are generally illiberal and paternalistic; and (c) that conceptions of the good life are objects of reasonable disagreement and hence cannot legitimately be promoted by the state. In addition, the nature and importance of perfectionist policies and politics will be discussed. (shrink)

While Nietzsche's influence on philosophy, literature and art is beyond dispute, his influence on sociology is often called into question. A close textual analysis of Nietzsche's works and those of important sociologists - Max and Alfred Weber, Ferdinand Tönnies, Rosa Mayreder - provides the first comprehensive account of their study and use of Nietzsche's writings. Above all, Nietzsche's critique of modernity, morality and culture are shown to have had a decisive influence on the development of sociology and the work of (...) its leading thinkers at the end of the 19thcentury and the beginning of the 20th. (shrink)

La foi en un Dieu Trinité est au cœur de la théologie chrétienne, laquelle peut être définie comme la doctrine de Dieu, c'est-à-dire comme un discours, réfléchi et responsable sur Dieu. Le présent guide propose une voie médiane entre deux présentations ; celle propre aux manuels traditionnels, qui abordent de manière quasi exhaustive les questions classiques de la théologie trinitaire, et celle qui vise à situer la foi trinitaire dans un contexte actuel sans trop faire état de la tradition. Ici, (...) un moyen terme entre ces deux méthodes est tenté. Le lecteur retrouve le témoignage biblique, reconnaît ce qu'il y a d'intemporel dans les formes d'expression de l'Eglise primitive et se voit défié - au sens positif du terme - par les approches contemporaines. Reste une interrogation qui traverse l'ensemble : à quel point l'homme peut-il, dans ses pensées, ses méditations, ses prières et ses propos s'approcher de ce mystère? L'illustration au recto montre une couverture de livre en ivoire qui a été réalisée vers l'an 900. Relief et inscription renvoient à la Trinité : " Ici, l'unité de Dieu est représentée symboliquement par trois figures imagées ". Ce codex est conservé aujourd'hui à la Haye. (shrink)

Vesely (experimental physics, U. of Vienna, Austria) provides the basic numerical and computational techniques, followed by an explanation of specific problems of computational physics. Appendices address properties of computing machines and an outline of the technique of Fast Fourier Transformation. The first edition, published by Plenum Press, Ne.

First published in 1987. The legal and political writings of the German Social Democrats Kirchheimer and Neumann, from the period prior to the National Socialist seizure of power, are little known to English readers. This volume presents a selection of important essays from this period, which focus on the prospects for the constitutional realization of a social democratic order in the first German Republic - the Weimar Republic, created out of the collapse of the monarchy in 1918, and destroyed by (...) the National Socialists in 1933. Both Kirchheimer and Neumann were active as lawyers in the later 1920s and early 1930s, the latter especially having a close connection with trade union legislation and labour law. From their viewpoint as Social Democrats and lawyers they present incisive analyses of the problems confronted by the attempt to realize the ideal of a social Rechtsstaat in a political environment increasingly dominated by forces on left and right which saw constitutional order only as a means to seize power, and not as a legitimate form of order in itself. In these circumstances, political issues translated into constitutional issues, and thus could be analysed in terms of the aims and objectives of a given constitutional order. A substantial introduction by the volume's editor, Keith Tribe, presents the political and theoretical background to these essays, which range over questions of industrial democracy, political representation, parliamentary rule and the role of judicial review. These issues are once more on the political agenda of Western industrial democracies, and the analyses of Kirchheimer and Neumann have lost none of their force and relevance, despite the catastrophic 'failure' of Weimar democracy in 1933. (shrink)

This article reviews Reza Aslan's book God: a Human History of Religion, published in 2018 by Transworld Publ., Corgi Edition, London.

Name der Zeitschrift: Neue Zeitschrift für Systematische Theologie und Religionsphilosophie Jahrgang: 57 Heft: 1 Seiten: 110-128.